The Population Keeps Aging, Alzheimer s Disease ( Ad )

Intro As the population keeps aging, Alzheimer s Disease (AD) is becoming a more significant public health issue. The prevalence of AD is expected to reach 34 million worldwide by 2025 (Mount 2006) and with the aging demographic, early diagnosis and treatment of AD is gaining importance. Cognitive decline and altered brain function related to AD has been shown to be present years before the clinical onset of the disorder through functional brain imaging techniques (Prvulovic 2011). Emphasis has been on detection of AD in its preclinical stages to provide early interventions for the patients. Since Fuld et al.(1990) s study suggesting that the examination of cognitive functioning in non demented older adults is predictive of prospective dementia, countless studies have attempted to devise reliable methods of detecting cognitive changes and risk factors in preclinical populations. Family history of a first degree relative with AD (+FH) has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of AD (Fratiglioni 1993) and studies have confirmed that pathological changes related to AD, such as impaired recall, are present years before the clinical manifestation of the disorder in +FH non demented participants (Bondi 1994). In addition, the APOE gene, located on chromosome 19, has been linked to AD, with its e2, e3 and e4 alleles having varying effects on the development of the disorder. 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